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・ Abu al-'Ila Mosque
・ Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad
・ Abu al-Abbas Ahmad II
・ Abu al-Abbas al-Azafi
・ Abu al-Abbas al-Jarawi
・ Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi
・ Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati
・ Abu al-Abbas as-Sabti
・ Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri
・ Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi'
・ Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri
・ Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali
・ Abu al-Bahlul al-Awwam
・ Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi
・ Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar
Abu al-Dhahab
・ Abu al-Duhur
・ Abu al-Duhur Nahiyah
・ Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces
・ Abu al-Fadl Ja'far ibn 'Ali al-Dimashqi
・ Abu al-Fadl, Ramle
・ Abu al-Faraj
・ Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani
・ Abu al-Fawaris
・ Abu al-Gasim al-Zahravi
・ Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur
・ Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani
・ Abu al-Hasan (Mughal painter)
・ Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari
・ Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari


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Abu al-Dhahab : ウィキペディア英語版
Abu al-Dhahab

Muḥammad Bey Abū al-Ḏẖahab (1735–1775), also just called ''Abū Ḏahab'' (Dhahab, Zahab, which means "father of gold apparently on account of Muhammad's generosity and wealth"), was a Mamluk emir and regent of Ottoman Egypt.
Born in the North Caucasus region of Circassia〔Lusignan, page 80〕 or in Abkhazia〔Andrew Kippis: ''The New Annual Register or General Repository of History, Politics and Literature'', volume 7, page 37. London 1787〕〔Encyclopaedia of Islam: ''(Abū l-Dhahab, Muḥammad Bey )''〕 he was kidnapped and sold to the Mamluk Emir Ali Bey al-Kabir in Egypt. He became Ali Bey's closest and favourite fellow, his most trusted general and even his brother-in-law (according to other sources: son-in-law or adoptive son).
During the Russo-Turkish War Ali Bey declared Egypt's independence from the Ottoman Empire and allegedly attempted to restore the former Mamluk Sultanate which was conquered by the Ottoman Turks 250 years before. On behalf of Ali Bey, Abu Dhahab suppressed a revolt in Upper Egypt (1769), seized the Hidjaz (1770) and - allied with the Palestinian emir Zahir al-Umar - conquered large parts of Ottoman Syria (1771). Having taken Damascus (1772) its Ottoman governor Uthman Pasha al-Kurji, Abu Dhahab changed sides, handed over all the conquered territories to the Ottomans and marched against Cairo. Ali Bey fled to Zahir al-Umar in Acre, and Abu Dhahab became the new Shaykh al-Balad (civil governor) and de facto ruler of Egypt.
When Ali Bey came back and tried to restore his position, he was defeated and killed by Abu Dhahab's forces near Cairo (1773). Acting on Ottoman orders Abu Dhahab then invaded Palestine to defeat Emir Zahir, too. After conquering Gaza, Jaffa (where he massacred the whole population) and Acre, he suddenly died because of the plague. His comrades Murad Bey and Ibrahim Bey, the leaders of his Mamluk-faction (Abu-Dhahab-faction or ''Muhammadiyya''), succeeded him in power.
==References==


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